PHOSPHOGYPSUM: A Review of the Florida Institute …
Impurities in phosphogypsum, primarily fluorine and phosphates, complicate its use in any of the thermal processing schemes, but do not disqualify it from being used as a raw material. The plant in South Africa uses phosphogypsum as a feed stock, and the Polish plants are said to use a mixture of natural gypsum and phosphogypsum.
اقرأ أكثر
EPA Approves Use of Phosphogypsum in Road Construction
Phosphogypsum is a byproduct material of phosphate fertilizer production. It is regulated for the presence of radium-226, a naturally occurring radioactive substance that produces radon gas, a hazardous air pollutant. The Clean Air Act requires the disposal of phosphogypsum in stacks, except for limited agricultural and research uses.
اقرأ أكثر
Potential Uses of Phosphogypsum and Associated Risks: …
This risk is similar to that estimated for exposure to either direct gamma radiation or indoor radon when phosphogypsum containing only 3 pCi/g Ra-226 is applied at a rate of 227 kg (500 Ibs) per .acre (see Tables 4-12 and 4-13). Over 85 percent of the total risk is due to the presence of Pb-210 and Po-210, while the Ra-226 present contributes ...
اقرأ أكثر
TENORM: Fertilizer and Fertilizer Production Wastes | US EPA
Rock phosphate ore processing and disposal of phosphogypsum contribute to enhanced levels of natural radionuclides in the environment. The concentration of naturally …
اقرأ أكثر
Phosphogypsum
Phosphogypsum is a solid waste byproduct from processing phosphate ore to make phosphoric acid that is later used in fertilizer. The phosphate ore and the resulting phosphogypsum contain radium, which …
اقرأ أكثر
Radioactive Material From Fertilizer Production | US EPA
Phosphogypsum, a waste product from manufacturing fertilizer, emits radon, a radioactive gas. It also contains the radioactive elements uranium, thorium and radium. Phosphate rock mining is the fifth largest mining industry in the United States in terms of the …
اقرأ أكثر
Biden EPA approves project to build road in …
Under the Clean Air Act, phosphogypsum must be disposed of in engineered piles called stacks to limit public exposure. A 2022 paper in the peer-reviewed journal Heliyon noted that phosphogypsum "stacked in the open …
اقرأ أكثر
Phosphogypsum and its Potential Use in Croatia: Challenges …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a waste by-product (residue) originating from the production of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilisers. ... At high activity concentrations of 226 Ra, both involve the risk of exposure to gamma radiation and inhalation of its gaseous daughter radionuclide 222 Rn and its decay products . Namely, of the three radon (Rn) ...
اقرأ أكثر
Radiation Protection and Management of NORM Residues …
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Radiation Protection and Management of NORM Residues in the Phosphate Industry, Safety Reports Series No. 78, IAEA, Vienna (2013) Download to: EndNote BibTeX ... phosphogypsum, and the manufacture and use of phosphatic fertilizers among others.
اقرأ أكثر
Radiation and Phosphoric Acid
Radiation and Phosphoric Acid • The phosphoric acid produced in Florida contains much of the uranium that was present in the mined ore, but little of the radium. • In the past, uranium was valuable enough that extraction facilities at the chemical plant sites were used to concentrate and remove it from the phosphoric acid as a solid product.
اقرأ أكثر
Notice of Pending Approval for Other Use of Phosphogypsum…
Agencies. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [Federal Register Volume 89, Number 217 (Friday, November 8, 2024)] [Notices] [Pages 88762-88764] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [] [FR Doc No: 2024-25746] ----- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OAR-2024-0446; FRL-12398-01 …
اقرأ أكثر
Phosphogypsum Stacks
This limit is based on the dose of radiation the EPA calculated that a person might receive under a series of scenarios in which phosphogypsum could be used. Most of the scenarios of use fell within EPA acceptable risk limits.
اقرأ أكثر
(PDF) Radiological impact of natural radioactivity in Egyptian
The radiation hazard indices were calculated for evaluating the environmental impact of phosphogypsum and to decrease the content of radionuclides such as 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 210Pb, and 40K to the acceptable 2 level (El-Didamony et al., 2013).
اقرأ أكثر
Potential Uses of Phosphogypsum and Associated Risks: …
Phosphogypsum is only slightly soluble in water, about 2g per liter (EPA89a). Phosphogypsum contains appreciable quantities of radium-226, uranium, and other uranium decay products. …
اقرأ أكثر
Radioactivity in Future Phosphogypsum: New predictions …
Phosphogypsum (PG), a significant Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM) (IAEA, 2003), is a by-product of phosphoric acid production …
اقرأ أكثر
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION …
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OAR-2024-0446; FRL-12268-01-OAR] Notice of Pending Approval for Other Use of Phosphogypsum AGENCY: Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice of availability. SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (the EPA or the Agency) seeks public comment on its …
اقرأ أكثر
Other Phosphate Deposits
Radiation and Phosphogypsum; Radiation and Phosphoric Acid; Radioactivity and Phosphatic Clay Ponds; Phosphate Companies and EPA's Toxic Release Inventory; 6 – Environment and Health. Phosphogypsum Stacks; Back to top. 1855 West Main Street. Bartow, Florida USA 33830. 863-583-9094. twitter; instagram; linkedin; youtube;
اقرأ أكثر
Radioactivity and Elemental Composition of Phosphogypsum …
Phosphogypsum is primarily CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O, but also contains impurities of environmental concern such as residual acids, fluoride, heavy metals and naturally-occurring radionuclides. …
اقرأ أكثر
Subpart R: National Emission Standards for Radon Emissions …
Other Uses of Phosphogypsum. Under certain conditions, phosphogypsum may be removed from stacks for outdoor agricultural purposes or indoor research and development. Any other use of phosphogypsum requires advance permission from EPA.
اقرأ أكثر
Radiation Physics and Chemistry
The radiological evaluation of the phosphogypsum from series B and C indicates lowered values for radiation hazard indices, yet it remains unsuitable for direct use as a building material. Nonetheless, modifying the volume ratio between sulfuric acid and either nitric or hydrochloric acid has the potential to yield enhanced results.
اقرأ أكثر
RADIATION RISKS FROM SELECTED USES OF BY …
phosphogypsum also contains these radionuclides. The radium is of particular concern because it decays to form radon, a cancer-causing, radioactive gas. Phosphogypsum has few uses and is …
اقرأ أكثر
Subpart R: Resources | US EPA
Subpart R protects the public and the environment from the hazards of radioactive materials found in phosphogypsum.. Some Guidance on Applying for Approval for Other Uses of Phosphogypsum (pdf) (54.2 KB) This document provides "some guidance" in recognition that we will continue to add more guidance in response to your questions about how to apply for …
اقرأ أكثر
Frequent Questions: Radiation Protection | US EPA
Protecting Yourself from Radiation; Radiation Health Effects; Radiation Sources & Doses; Radiation Terms and Units; Radionuclides; Radiation Dose Calculator; Radiation Regulations & Laws; Federal Guidance for Radiation Protection; Radiological Emergency Response; Phosphogypsum; TENORM; Radiation Protection Document Library; Frequent …
اقرأ أكثر
EPA approves use of radioactive phosphogypsum in roads, …
Phosphogypsum is a waste product formed when an acid solution is used to separate out the part of the rocks valuable for making fertilizer. It contains more concentrated radioactivity, so federal ...
اقرأ أكثر
E-DOCKET: EPA-HQ-OAR-2020-0442
2 Executive Summary: This document details the review performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Radiation Protection Division, in response to the Radiological Risk Assessment in Support of Petition for Beneficial Use of Phosphogypsum prepared for The Fertilizer Institute (TFI) (Arcadis 2019).
اقرأ أكثر
Radioactive roads? Tampa fertilizer giant Mosaic wants to …
Phosphogypsum contains radium-226, which emits radiation during its decay to form radon, a potentially cancer-causing, radioactive gas, according to the EPA. A handful of phosphate at Mosaic's ...
اقرأ أكثر
Radioactivity and Elemental Composition of Phosphogypsum Produced …
Phosphogypsum, a by-product of phosphate fertilizer production, is produced in large quantities worldwide. ... Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.A.: Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility. Google Scholar. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) (1984) Principles for Limiting Exposure of the Public to Natural Sources of Radiation ...
اقرأ أكثر
Florida bill allowing radioactive roads made of …
Phosphogypsum is a material known by the EPA to contain a "potentially cancer-causing, radioactive gas," that's the second-leading cause of lung cancer in the U.S.
اقرأ أكثر
Radiation and Phosphogypsum
• Phosphogypsum produced in North Florida contains roughly 5 – 10 picocuries per gram (pCi/g) of radium while phosphogypsum from Central Florida contains about 20 – 35 pCi/g radium. • The U.S. EPA prohibits the use of …
اقرأ أكثر
"Radioactive" roads made of potentially cancer-causing …
Phosphogypsum is the waste left behind from mining phosphate rock, which is commonly used for producing fertilizer, and is known for containing "radioactive material," according to the EPA.
اقرأ أكثر