Chemical composition of red mud. | Download Table
The chemical composition of the red mud is listed in Table 1 and shows the major constituents of this material such as iron (III)-oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide and silicon dioxide...
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Efficient Selective Extraction of Scandium from …
Extraction of Scandium from Red Mud, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, DOI: 10.1080/08827508.2022.2047044 To link to this article: https://doi.or g/10.1080/08827508.2022.2047044
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Effects of a red mud mineralogical composition versus …
Red mud (RM) is an industrial solid waste generated during the bauxite refining process in aluminum production. It is composed of various compounds, including iron oxide, …
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FDMP | Free Full-Text | Analysis of Calcined Red Mud …
The performance of calcined red mud was determined through mortar strength tests. Results indicate that high-temperature calcination can change the mineral composition and microstructure of red mud, and increase the surface roughness and specific surface area.
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Trends in research on characterization, treatment and …
The clay minerals contained in red mud are also excellent sorbents, which have the potential to bind various pollutants to reduce their mobility and bioavailability ... active NiO was used to optimize the structure and composition of the red mud oxygen carrier methane oxidation. Addition of NiO markedly enhanced conversion of methane to carbon ...
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Properties, hazards and valuable metal recovery technologies of red mud
The typical mineral composition of red mud is comprised of alumina trihydrate Al(OH) 3, alumina thin water γ-AlO(OH), and alumina monohydrate α-AlO(OH), which ... China (Wang et al., 2022). Table 1 demonstrates the chemical composition of red mud in different countries and factories (Khairul et al., 2019). In general, however, red mud ...
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The composition, recycling and utilisation of Bayer red mud
The composition, recycling and potential utilisation of Bayer red mud are demonstrated in the current study. It's very challenging to achieve a uniquely cost-effective and environmentally sustainable technique for managing this by-product. ... The methods and techniques described to extract minerals from red mud have mainly concentrated on ...
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Selective Scandium (Sc) Extraction from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud …
SEM images of: (a) the initial red mud obtained by alkali fusion-leaching of bauxite (RMF); (b) the Bayer red mud obtained from Middle Timan bauxite treatment on Urals Alumina Refinery; and (c) SEM image and EDS elemental mapping of RMF.2.3. Experiments. The leaching of RMF in diluted nitric acid (HNO 3) was carried out in a 0.5 L thermostatic reactor "Lenz Minni" (Lenz …
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The chemical and mineral composition of different types of …
Red mud has been classified according to the production process of alumina, as follows [59]: (i) Bayer process red mud, (ii) sintering process red mud, and (iii) combined process red...
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Red Mud from the Aluminium Industry: Production, …
Alekseev and his team also described the mineral composition for red mud as hematite and quartz in the majority. However, they detected magnetite in their sample. The density of red mud was also different from the other studies mentioned. They found a much smaller value: 0.86 g.cm −3 .
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The red mud problem in Aluminium production
In average red mud contains up to 65-70% iron oxide (Fe2O3), 40-50% aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and 15-25% titanium dioxide (TiO2), depending on origin of the bauxite ore. Of specific interest …
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Durability evaluation of a high-performance red mud-based …
Red mud (RM) is a significant by product generated during the production of aluminum oxide, with each ton of aluminum oxide resulting in the discharge of 0.8−1.5 tons of RM [1], [2].China, being a major aluminum producer, annually generates around 100 million tons of RM, but the comprehensive utilization rate remains as low as 4% [3].The high alkalinity of RM …
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Characterization of red mud and its effects on …
Red mud is a mixture of compounds originally present in the parent mineral, bauxite and the compounds formed during the Bayer process. Red mud is highly caustic with a pH in the range …
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Utilization of Red Mud as Sustainable Material: A State of
Global red mud production ranges between 120 million tons per year, with India accounting for 10% of global red mud production . Red mud or alkaline residue refers to the solid waste produced after processing bauxite ores with caustic soda to produce alumina (Al 2 O 3) . The methods used to dispose of red mud differ from country to country.
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Toward sustainable green alumina production: A critical …
Given the special mineral and particle size composition of red mud, high alkalinity, large content of clayey aluminum-silica minerals, fine particle size, and single morphology, compared with the common soil agglomerate structure, great differences exist in water permeability, absorption, and retention and in the stable supply of nutrients.
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Analysis of Calcined Red Mud Properties and Related
Red mud (RM) is a solid waste produced in the alumina process, which is figuratively called RM because of its high iron content and reddish-brown colour [1].Due to the significant amount of caustic soda added in the process of alumina production for leaching aluminum from the ore, the discharged RM exhibits a high alkalinity [2].Its pH value can usually …
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Mineral composition of red mud (%, ω) [5].
Red mud is a bauxite industrial waste of reddish-brown mud with high alkalinity. Red mud has relatively high silica and alumina content, so it can be utilized as a raw material in the...
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Technologies for recovery of iron from red mud
In this context, a study by Liu et al. demonstrated that red mud, due to its rich mineral composition, catalyzed the combustion of biomass and effectively suppressed the emissions of CO 2, CO, HCN, NO x, and SO 2 [72]. This highlights the catalytic potential of red mud, offering a promising approach to mitigate harmful emissions.
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Pyrometallurgical processing of red mud | Metallurgist
The multicomponent composition of red mud limits the selective metal isolation of a specific metal, necessitating the use of large amounts of acids to neutralize the alkali of the mud slurry and solubilize the components. ... The mineral composition was analyzed by X‑ray diffraction (XRD). It was established that primary phases of the RM are ...
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Red Mud
Red mud is composed of minerals such as hematite, gibbsite, calcite, quartz, goethite, diaspore, rutile, kaolinite, etc. (Wang and Liu, 2012) measured by using X-ray diffractometer.The specific gravity of red mud is 2.77 gcm −3 measured by gas picnometer. According to its particle size distribution, it is very fine material and has a high surface area (Wang and Liu, 2012).
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Preparation of geopolymer concrete with Bayer red mud …
The main physical parameters and mineral composition of the cement are shown in Table 2 and Table 3, and the determination results of the chemical components of the standard cement are ... Hydration of Portland cement with red mud as mineral addition. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 131 (3) (2018), pp. 2477-2490, 10.1007/s10973-017-6794-2. View in ...
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Effects of a red mud mineralogical composition versus …
Due to its hazardous and complex chemical composition, large specific surface, and high alkalinity, it is dangerous to directly dispose and uneconomical to treat on large-scale [3] ... Hydration of Portland cement with red mud as mineral addition. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 131 (3) (2017), pp. 2477-2490, 10.1007/s10973-017-6794-2. Google Scholar ...
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Intensification of carbonate scandium leaching from red mud …
Chemical and mineral composition of the red mud from BAZ (RUSAL) is studied in details and reported by Gutkin (1972) and Zilberminz and Scoryshev (1977).In the literature (Vind et al., 2018a; Vind et al., 2018b), there is no consensus regarding the crystal chemical characteristics of the behavior of scandium in the red mud.However, it is found that scandium …
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The reactive products and reactivity of modified red mud …
The mineral composition of red mud consists of iron oxides (haematite) and hydroxides (goethite), aluminium hydroxides (boehmite), titanium oxides, calcium oxides and heavy metal compounds [1]. The different compositions mainly depend on the source of raw materials and the technique used in factory. The storage of red mud has a significant ...
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Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions—A Review
The composition shows the presence of heavy irons and minerals of Fe, Si, and Ti in the major quantity. Red mud could be considered as bricks, road surface material, and in the cement industry with potential use for building applications.
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Engineering properties of fine-grained red mud
Significant quantities of iron minerals were found in both red mud and sand, present as haematite (Fe 2 O 3) and goethite (FeO(OH)), respectively, whereas the main mineral composition of bentonite was smectite, followed by quartz.
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Effects of a red mud mineralogical composition versus …
Rietveld refinement technique was used to quantify the composition of potential phases in the mixture. There are very few reports [53–55] on the quantification of red mud sintered at various temperatures, hence this study could provide insight into the mineralogical composition of red mud: Bi2O3 mixtures sintered at different temperatures.
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Efficient Selective Extraction of Scandium from Red Mud …
Extraction of Scandium from Red Mud, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, DOI: 10.1080/08827508.2022.2047044 ... aluminum, and titanium, and the mineral composition is
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A review of the engineered treatment of red mud: …
Table 3 shows the chemical compositions of red mud. The chemical composition is related to the alumina production process and bauxite composition. Meanwhile, red mud has the characteristics of high alkalinity, high Na, Al, and Fe content, and low organic carbon. The mineral components of red mud are complex.
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Removal, conversion and utilization technologies of alkali …
Depending on the grade of bauxite and process parameters, the Bayer process produces approximately 1∼2 tons of red mud per ton of alumina produced (Zhou et al., 2023).By 2023, the cumulative stockpile of red mud has exceeded 4.5 billion tons globally (Niu and Lin, 2024; Swain, 2022).Red mud has the characteristics of fine particles, strong alkalinity and …
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