Recent progress in biohydrometallurgy and microbial …
Vat leaching has been primarily superseded as reactor leaching has become a more economical and efficient method of processing ores and concentrates (Cope, 1999). However, vats are still used in commercial scale at Mantos Blancos mine in Chile for leaching copper oxide ore ( Watling, 2015 ), as less milling is required and hence operating costs ...
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Copper Leaching Practices
The ore treated by vat leaching at the Weed Heights operation of The Anaconda Company (fig. 20) is predominately oxide ore containing 0.59 percent copper. Approximately 86,000 tons of ore is treated per week in eight vats, each measuring 120 feet wide, 139 feet …
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Leaching of Copper Ores: Effects of Operating Variables
Leaching of copper from a Jordanian copper ore has been studied using a stirred batch reactor with hydrochloric acid as the main lixiviant, under the following conditions:
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Bioleaching: Introduction, Methods, Application, Copper, Microorganisms
Mechanism of Copper Leaching: During the oxidation of Chalcopyrite the following reaction occurs: 2CuFeS 2 + 8 ½ O 2 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 CuSO 4 + Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 + H 2 O . ... Ore leaching by microbes has potential for use in the extraction of other metals such as zinc, cobalt and nickel. New reactor systems are likely to be developed to increase ...
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Treatment of copper-rich gold ore by cyanide leaching, …
Fig. 1 XRD profile of copper-rich gold ore sample Fig. 2 Sulphides of copper and other metals identified by SEM analysis of flotation concentrate produced from ore for mineralogical analysis 2.2 Leaching tests Leaching tests were conducted in baffled glass reactors (1000 mL in nominal capacity) into which leach solutions (480 mL) and the ore ...
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Heap Leaching
Heap leaching is the most important method of hydrometallurgical copper extraction. Heap leaching is used for treating oxide and lower-grade secondary sulfide ores that contain up to ∼2% Cu. The ore is crushed to a uniform particle size (typically 12–50 mm), often agglomerated, and then stacked on large flat-topped heaps in a controlled manner.. Heaps are typically ∼7 m high …
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Seawater Leaching of Copper Oxides at Marcobre …
The vat loaded with crushed ore generated a wall deflection superior to 120 mm. Hence, reduced loading capacity as 6,000 in some vats. ... The tight cycles of vat leaching generates erratic copper ...
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Copper recovery using leach/solvent …
The first process, vat leaching of high-grade copper oxide ore followed by EW of copper from the leach solution, produced low quality copper cathode at relatively high cost. In 1968 the tonnage of high-grade oxide ores was decreasing and vat leaching was on the decline.
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Acid Leaching
The flowsheet discussed in this study is for treatment of 100 tons per day oxide-sulfide copper ore by the leaching process using sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate solvent. This flowsheet would also be suitable for a larger tonnage by proper sizing of the various units of equipment. The flowsheet contemplates a six to seven day leach-wash cycle with ...
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Technical Resource Document: Copper
EPA 530-R-94-031 NTIS PB94-200979 TECHNICAL RESOURCE DOCUMENT EXTRACTION AND BENEFICIATION OF ORES AND MINERALS VOLUME 4 COPPER August 1994 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Leaching: Types, Methods, Advantages, Disadvantages
Heap and in-situ leaching characteristics are combined in dump leaching. Depending on the dump location, an impermeable layer may or may not be employed in a dump leach. The ore is dumped to allow similar processing to heap leaching, but the geological conditions of the area allow a valley or pit to act as the sump. Vat leaching
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(PDF) Copper solvent extraction: Status, operating practices, and
Low-grade ores are treated by dump leaching, while vat leaching can be used to treat higher grade oxide ore. Agitation leaching in stirred tanks is applied to both oxide and sulfide materials: the ...
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A-Z of Copper Ore Leaching
FOR DUMP, HEAP, VAT AND AGITATED LEACHING. SOME MAY NEED HEATING TO OBTAIN KINETICS FAST ENOUGH FOR AGITATED LEACHING. . COPPER WAD 10-80% LEACHABLE AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ... A-Z of Copper Ore Leaching 5 LEACHABILITY OF COPPER MINERALS • Leachability in sulphuric acid solutions varies enormously (see …
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XA04N0873
production. About 200,000 tons of copper a year is being won by heap and vat leaching of ore, dump leaching of waste, and in-place leaching of caved underground workings. Although in-place leaching was practiced as long ago as the 15th century, it is little used and contributes only a few percent of the total leach copper production.
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Leaching in Metallurgy and Metal Recovery
Vat Leaching. 1) Vat Leaching: Also known as "agitated tank" leaching, the lixiviant comes into contact with the metal material in large vats or tanks, which can be stirred, enhancing the reaction kinetics. The metal containing solid, such as concentrate, ore, residue, or slag, often undergoes size reduction via crushing and grinding prior ...
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Copper Dump Leaching and Management Practices That …
Vat leaching has been preferred to heap leaching in cases where high-grade ore requires crushing to permit adequate contact between the leach solution and the copper minerals. The …
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What is Vat leaching?
Copper Leaching: To extract copper from oxide ores, vat leaching is frequently used. For ores with complicated mineralogy and low copper values, the technique works …
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(PDF) Heap leaching as a key technology for recovery of
Heap leaching (including bioleaching) is widely used for the treatment of low-grade copper ores [15,19], and the possibility of using it for Cu-Ni ore was also studied on an industrial scale [24].
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Copper Leaching Method
Extraction of copper from suitable ore by leaching methods is generally assumed to cost less than the combined expense of concentration, smelting, and refining, and experimental data tend to confirm this opinion. At the Butte-Duluth plant, which is handling in excess of 100 tons of oxidized ore daily, the copper is said to cost $0.085 per pound.
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Vat leaching of oxidised copper ore at Mantos …
Currently, the only vat leaching operation for copper ore is located at Mantos Blancos mine in Chile (installed in 1961) (Figure 4). However, vat-leaching is well placed for a revival and wider...
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Heap leaching as a key technology for recovery of values …
Heap leaching forms part of the group of technologies known as percolation leaching, which includes in situ leaching, dump leaching, heap leaching and vat leaching (Bartlett, 1998, John, 2011)mon to all these technologies is migration of leach solution through a fixed bed of ore particles, on its path interacting with the solid, releasing the target minerals into …
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(PDF) Ammonia Pretreatment of a Gold-Copper …
The treatment of a copper sulphide-bearing gold ore by direct cyanide leaching, ammonia pretreatment and ammoniacal cyanide leaching was investigated. Dissolution behaviour of gold and copper in ...
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Vat Leaching Flowsheet Design Parameters. | Download …
Download Table | Vat Leaching Flowsheet Design Parameters. from publication: NSC Hydrometallurgical Pressure Oxidation of Combined Copper and Molybdenum Concentrates | The need for copper and ...
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PROCESS EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR …
mineral concentrates but recover the desired values by either dump, heap, vat or in-situ leaching of ore. Techniques and processes must be developed for leaching various metals from ore and …
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Gold Vat Leaching
In calculating the capacity of a leaching vat, the volume of a ton of raw ore may be taken at from 22 to 28 cubic feet when dry, and from 20 to 26 cubic feet when wetted down. ... It was originally proposed to treat ores containing gold, silver, and copper by a solution containing 3% of potassium cyanide and 0.19% of ammonium carbonate. Copper ...
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Alta2009continuous Vat Leaching
The document summarizes the first copper pilot trials using continuous vat leaching. It describes how the process works using intermittent fluidization to achieve leaching kinetics comparable to agitated tanks at lower cost. Bottle roll and column tests on a copper ore sample in Chile achieved 78% recovery in 72 hours using dilute sulfuric acid leaching. A 15 tonne pilot plant test at SGS ...
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Producing Copper Nature's Way: Bioleaching
Capital costs at this level of operation were to be US$0.08/lb of copper and operating costs, as shown in Table 2, were estimated at US$0.34/lb of copper. 28 The average ore grade is 0.59% copper and the estimated recovery is 78.2%. The operation was upgraded to 180,000 tons per year before it was completed and to 250,000 tons per year in 2001.
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How copper dump leaching works
If copper recovery depends on (1/d p) and the copper leaching rate depends on (1/d p) 2, leaching of ROM ore in dumps should be impossible, or at least so slow and marginal as to not be profitable.And yet dump leaching of copper secondary sulphides is practiced widely, with good recoveries and at rates rapid enough to be measurable (Yáñez et al., 2007, Bustos et al., …
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Heap Leaching as a Key Technology for Recovery of …
Finally, vat leaching refers to placing more finely crushed ore (1-10 mm) in a large basin ... gold ores, acid leaching for copper oxide ores and oxidative acid leaching of secondary
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PROCESSING OF GOLD-BEARING SAND DUMPS: A CASE …
Heap or vat leaching is a process that has been extensively used for the recovery of valuable metals like copper, gold (Au) and silver. The ore is prepared for vat leaching by either crushing or ...
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