Platinum-Group Elements in Southern Africa—Mineral …
Histogram showing annual production of platinum-group elements in South Africa from 1926 to 2011..... 11 8. Geologic map of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe, illustrating subdivision of the intrusion into chambers, subchambers, and complexes ... Graph showing metric tons of ore per square meter as a function of mining height
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Distribution of platinum-group elements in pristine and …
The Bushveld Complex of South Africa is the largest layered intrusion on Earth and hosts the world´s largest resources of platinum-group elements (PGE) which
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[PDF] Mineralogical siting of platinum-group elements in …
The Bushveld Complex in South Africa hosts the world's largest resources of platinum-group elements (PGEs), which are mainly mined from three ore bodies, namely the Merensky Reef, the UG-2 chromitite, and the Platreef. In these ores, the PGEs are bimodally distributed, occurring both as discrete platinum-group minerals (PGMs) and hosted by sulfides. The presence of …
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(PDF) Platinum-group minerals in the LG and MG …
The chromitites of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa contain vast resources of platinum-group elements (PGE); however, except for the economic upper group (UG)-2 chromitite seam, information on ...
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(PDF) Laser ablation ICP-MS study of platinum-group elements …
Laser ablation ICP-MS study of platinum-group elements in sulphides from the Platreef at Turfspruit, northern limb of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa August 2008 Mineralium Deposita 43(6):695-711
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Platinum-Group Elements
The platinum-group elements (PGE) tend to exist in the metallic state or bond with sulfur or other Group Va and VIa ligands, and often occur as trace accessory minerals in rocks. Combined with three isotopic systems that contain the PGE, these elements afford a unique view of early solar system evolution, planet formation and differentiation ...
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Platinum group metals in SA
increasing exploitation of the UG2 Reef w ill lift its contribution to South Africa's platinum output. The Crocodile River mine was the first devoted entirely to exploiting UG2 ore. In the northern extension of the BIC the Platreef is found. Whereas the platinum palladium ratio in the Merensky and UG2 reefs is close to three to one, the two
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The Geological Occurrence, Mineralogy, and Processing …
It is well known that Russia and South Africa are the major producers of platinum group metals and hold the world's largest reserves of minerals bearing these metals. Cawthorn [1] has …
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Platinum group metals in SA
South Africa's PGMs. It is estimated to contain some 17 000 tons of PGM, reserves. In the western BIC, where the major platinum mines are situated, the reef occurs in a narrow, 25- …
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Trace Element and Platinum Group Element Distributions …
INTRODUCTION. The Bushveld Complex (Fig. 1a and b) is the world's largest resource of platinum group elements (Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os and Ir; referred to as PGE), located in three main occurrences—the Merensky Reef, UG-2 chromitite and Platreef.The UG-2 chromitite and the Merensky Reef are associated with a series of pyroxenite layers close in the …
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High grade ores of the Onverwacht platinum pipe, eastern …
High grade ores of the Onverwacht platinum pipe, eastern Bushveld, South Africa. November 2021; The Canadian Mineralogist 59(6):1397-1435 ... including analyses of platinum group elements, ore ...
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The Geological Occurrence, Mineralogy, and Processing …
It is well known that Russia and South Africa are the major producers of platinum group metals and hold the world's largest reserves of minerals bearing these metals. Cawthorn [1] has estimated that South Africa has reserves and resources of platinum group elements (PGEs) of about 85,000 metric tons. In Russia, Norilsk alone has Pt and Pd ...
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(PDF) Geochemical exploration for platinum-group elements …
The behaviour of platinum-group elements (PGE) in the exogenic cycle was examined in profiles of oxidized Main Sulfide Zone (MSZ) ores, in which the general metal distribution patterns of the pristine MSZ are grossly preserved. ... (1994) Platinum-group metals. In: South Africa. Department of Mineral and Energy A airs. Minerals Bureau (1994 ...
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Platinum Group Elements in the Uitkomst Complex, South Africa
The mafic-ultramafic Uitkomst Complex of South Africa is a tubular intrusion that is believed to be coeval and cogenetic with the 2054 Ma Bushveld Complex. It consists of a thin (3.5-m) basal gabbronoritic phase that is overlain by ca. 450 m of ultramafic rocks and 250 m of gabbroic and dioritic rocks. The basal 300 m of the intrusion hosts disseminated Ni-Cu …
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Platinum-Group Element
Platinum-group elements occur in ore: (a) ... The gap must be filled with mining supplies, as shown in Table 1. >95 % of the PGMs mining supplies are from South Africa, Russia, Zimbabwe, and North America, meaning that other countries must import PGMs from these countries to meet their domestic demands. China, the world's largest consumer of ...
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Platinum-group element distribution in the Main Zone and …
The Bushveld Complex of South Africa (Fig. 1) contains the world's largest resource of platinum-group elements (Vermaak, 1995) and a large portion of the world's V and Ti resources (Goldberg et al., 1992).Most of the platinum-group element (PGE) resources are found in narrow layers, known as reefs, in the lower third of the intrusion, and consequently most …
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Platinum-group elements and minerals in the lower and middle group
The chromitites of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa contain vast resources of platinum-group elements (PGE). However, knowledge of the distribution and the mineralogical siting of the PGE in the lower group (LG) and middle group (MG) chromitite seams of the Bushveld Complex is limited. We studied concentrates from the LG-6 and MG-2 chromitites of …
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Platinum-group element distribution in the Main Zone and …
The Bushveld Complex of South Africa (Fig. 1) contains the world's largest resource of platinum-group elements (Vermaak, 1995) and a large portion of the world's V and …
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Cryptic variation of chromite chemistry, platinum group element …
The UG-2 chromitite of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa contains the world's largest resources of platinum group elements (PGEs). However, only limited work has been conducted on the fine ...
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Platinum is produced in South Africa by Amplats, Impala …
Platinum Smelting in South Africa . R.T. Jones . Specialist Consultant, Pyrometallurgy Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, 2125, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] . …
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Ore Deposits of the Platinum-Group Elements
The Bushveld Complex in South Africa hosts the lion's share of the world's noble metal resources in platinum reefs – thin layers of silicate/chromite rocks containing platinum-rich sulphides.
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The valorisation of platinum group metals from flotation …
The global demand for platinum group elements (PGE) continues to rise. This increase in demand is motivated by the drive toward green transition minerals and metals, primarily for industrial applications as emission control catalysts in the automotive industry, chemical and petrochemical refineries, fuel cell technology, dental and medical equipment, …
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Platinum-Group Elements in Southern Africa—Mineral …
Histogram showing annual production of platinum-group elements in South Africa from 1926 to 2011..... 11 8. Geologic map of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe, illustrating subdivision of the …
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Platinum
These metals occur together in PGM-bearing ore; South Africa's Bushveld Complex hosts approximately 80% of PGM-bearing ore; ... The Merensky Reef is found between the Critical and the Main Zone, and is rich in platinum group elements (PGEs): platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium and ruthenium. (Source: Wits)
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Mineralogical siting of platinum-group elements in
The Bushveld Complex in South Africa hosts the world's largest resources of platinum-group elements (PGEs), which are mainly mined from three ore bodies, namely the …
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Which minerals should SA concentrate on for …
National minerals research group Mintek is researching which of South Africa's critical minerals resources we should be exploiting first ... reserve projections for Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) run to 250 years, and coal …
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The Extractive Metallurgy of South Africa's Platinum Ores
Platinum-bearing ores were first dis-covered in South Africa in the lode de-posits of the Waterburg District in 1923 by Adolf Erasmus and then on the Maandagshoek farm by Andries Lombaard in 1924. Hans Merensky iden-tified the platinum-iron alloy from Lombaard's panning, and, shortly after-ward, the Merensky reef was discovered
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Supergene mobilization and redistribution of platinum-group elements …
Near-surface supergene ores of the Merensky Reef in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, contain economic grades of platinum-group elements, however, these are currently uneconomic due to low ...
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Platinum-group element distribution in base-metal sulfides …
The Canadian Mineralogist, 2011. The minerals of the platinum-group elements (PGM) and their associated host minerals from the Merensky Reef at the Two Rivers platinum mine, South Africa, were investigated using an FEI 600F field emission Mineral Liberation Analyzer.
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The Platinum Group Element Deposits of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa
School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; E-mail: [email protected] There are enough platinum group element deposits in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa to supply world demands for many decades or even a century using current mining techniques. Demonstrated reserves and …
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