A kinetic comparison between in situ hybrid microwave and …
A comparative study of apparent activation energy reveals the hybrid microwave method's four-fold lower (36.71 kJ/mol) than conventional resistance heating (156.19 kJ/mol). …
اقرأ أكثر
Fe-based material@N-doped carbon composites as …
The microwave absorbers, Fe-based material@N-doped carbon cooperated with PLA as matrix, demonstrates excellent microwave absorption performance. The R Lmax value of S-120 reaches −61.6 dB at 12.56 GHz with the corresponding thickness of 2.1 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth reaches up to 4.48 GHz (from 13.52 GHz to 18 GHz) with a ...
اقرأ أكثر
Rapid carbon-free iron ore reduction using an atmospheric …
Microwave hydrogen plasma is new zero-carbon method to reduce iron ore to iron. Rapid reduction of iron oxide to iron is possible within seconds. Plasma method is faster than …
اقرأ أكثر
Toward environmentally friendly direct reduced iron …
In this study, a novel method for producing direct reduced iron (DRI) powders based on microwave-assisted self-reduction of core–shell composite pellets composed of blast furnace (BF) dust and ...
اقرأ أكثر
Investigation of microwave reduction of low …
The present work investigated microwave carbothermic reduction of three low-grade banded iron ores (Fe ̴34%). The iron ores were size reduced and subjected to microwave reduction with charcoal. Ferrite formation was …
اقرأ أكثر
(PDF) Recent Trends in the Technologies of the Direct Reduction …
The blast furnace and direct reduction processes have been the major iron production routes for various iron ores (i.e. goethite, hematite, magnetite, maghemite, siderite, etc.) in the past few ...
اقرأ أكثر
Successful Lab-Scale Reduction of Iron Ore with …
Iron ore and coal, used as a reducing agent, readily absorb microwaves, allowing direct heating and reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This technology can also be applied to reduction processes using …
اقرأ أكثر
Preparation of core-shell iron ore-biochar composite pellets …
The microwave reduction tests showed that core-shell metallized pellets had much higher reduction indexes than those obtained from pellets with homogeneous structure, reaching the total iron content and metallization degree of 89.15% and 95.52%, respectively, after microwave reduction at 1050 °C for 30 min under N 2 atmosphere. The findings ...
اقرأ أكثر
Solar-aided direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen targeting carbon
The reduction of iron oxide pellets using hydrogen or carbon monoxide follows a mixed rate-controlled mechanism, where chemical reaction and internal gas diffusion are competing processes during the first stage of the reduction, while internal gas diffusion becomes the controlling step at the last stage of the process [36].Iron oxide reduction kinetics by …
اقرأ أكثر
Pulsed microwave induced super-heating in graphitic carbon …
In recent years, microwave-assisted synthesis has made remarkable progress, offering advantages such as shorter reaction time, reduced energy consumption, enhanced selectivity, and increased yield [9], [10].Based on the dielectric heating mechanism of microwave, materials with higher dielectric constants tend to absorb more microwave energy and heat up …
اقرأ أكثر
Toward green steel: Modeling and environmental economic …
The results show that the Direct Reduced Iron process with methane can reduce CO 2 emissions by more than half compared to the blast furnace based-cycle, and with the adoption of carbon capture, greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by an additional 40%. The use of carbon capture by amine scrubbing has a limited economic disadvantage compared ...
اقرأ أكثر
Fast microwave-assisted synthesis of iron–palladium …
While carbon supported noble metal catalysts have been extensively used in the direct synthesis of H 2 O 2 (DSHP), unsatisfactory H 2 O 2 yield remains a difficult problem to solve. In this work, a facile and efficient preparation of the FePd catalysts supported on graphite was realized by fast microwave-irradiated carbon nanotube (CNT) growth and metal reduction.
اقرأ أكثر
Direct reduced iron and zinc recovery from electric arc …
carbon at tempe ratures of 950 ... 13 Wang L and Peng Z, Microwave-intensi ... teristics of oily hot rolling mill sludge by direct reduced iron method. Resour Conserv Recycl 34:129 ...
اقرأ أكثر
Toward environmentally friendly direct reduced iron …
In this study, a novel method for producing direct reduced iron (DRI) powders based on microwave-assisted self-reduction of core–shell composite pellets composed of blast …
اقرأ أكثر
Microwave Carbothermic Reduction of Low-Grade Iron …
This study evaluates the carbothermal microwave reduction of low-grade banded hematite jasper iron ore for the preparation of potential feedstock for the alternative iron-making process.
اقرأ أكثر
Dynamic modeling of a direct reduced iron shaft furnace to …
A large reason to move more steel production toward the NG-DRI-EAF pathway is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In 2021, on a global average, the BF-BOF production pathway produced 2.32 tonne CO 2 /tonne crude steel cast while the NG-DRI-EAF pathway produced 1.65 tonne CO 2 /tonne crude steel cast (worldsteel Association, 2022).Despite the …
اقرأ أكثر
The Direct Reduction of Iron
The Coal-Ore-Direct-Iron-Reduction (Codir) Process combines features of the Waelz Kiln and the Krupp–Renn Process [74]. The Krupp–Renn is an iron ore reduction process designed for low-grade ores that at one time had over 40 commercial installations, but high energy costs and availability of higher-grade ores led to the shutdown of all ...
اقرأ أكثر
Microwave-assisted self-reduction of EAF dust-biochar …
The reduction experimental results showed that the iron-bearing components in the dust were reduced to metallic iron, leading to a high iron metallization degree of the reduced briquettes (94.7%). Meanwhile, the zinc-containing phases of EAF dust in the composite briquettes were converted to metallic zinc which then volatilized together with ...
اقرأ أكثر
Novel insights into the reoxidation of direct reduced iron …
For the objective of carbon neutrality stated by the global climate conference, the iron and steel industry, a major carbon emitter, must transition to green and low-carbon development as quickly as feasible. Hydrogen metallurgy direct reduction technology has attracted much attention because of its low emission.
اقرأ أكثر
Rio Tinto to develop BioIron™ R&D facility in Western …
BioIron uses raw biomass and microwave energy instead of coal to convert Pilbara iron ore to metallic iron in the steelmaking process. When combined with the use of renewable energy and carbon-circulation by fast-growing biomass, BioIron has the potential to reduce carbon emissions by up to 95% compared with the current blast furnace method.
اقرأ أكثر
Toward environmentally friendly direct reduced iron …
Under the optimal roasting reduction process, direct reduced iron can be obtained with an iron grade of 92.04 % and an iron recovery rate of 90.33 %. Pre-making ceramsite was prepared by mixing slag, bentonite, and CaCO 3 in a mass ratio of 6:2.5:3, followed by preheating at 400 °C for 10 min and then sintering at 1150 °C for 20 min to obtain ...
اقرأ أكثر
Recent Trends in the Technologies of the Direct …
The blast furnace and direct reduction processes have been the major iron production routes for various iron ores (i.e. goethite, hematite, magnetite, maghemite, siderite, etc.) in the past few decades, but the …
اقرأ أكثر
Investigation of carbothermic microwave reduction followed by …
The microwave heating occurs by in-situ heat generation in the mixture, and volumetric heating resulted in a rapid increase in temperature and prevented the generation of a temperature gradient, which reduces the overall reduction duration (Rayapudi and Dhawan, 2019, Samouhos et al., 2013).The microwave heating is a result of the direct conversion of …
اقرأ أكثر
Rapid carbon-free iron ore reduction using an atmospheric …
CO 2 emissions from steel production account for about 8% of the global anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the majority (over 70%) of these emissions occur during the reduction of iron ore to iron. Hence, the steel industry is striving to reduce its dependence on carbon-based energy sources and reducing agents, like the coke used in a traditional blast furnace.
اقرأ أكثر
Microwave Carbothermic Reduction of Low-Grade Iron Ore
This study evaluates the carbothermal microwave reduction of low-grade banded hematite jasper iron ore for the preparation of potential feedstock for the alternative iron-making process. The coal sample act as transparent material to microwave irradiation at low temperature, however, above 600 °C, an exponential rise in temperature with a heating rate of ~ 220 °C/min …
اقرأ أكثر
(PDF) Process Path for Reducing Carbon Emissions from …
The process path and feasible development direction of carbon emission reduction in the iron and steel industry have been analyzed from the perspective of the carbon–electricity–hydrogen ...
اقرأ أكثر
Microwave-assisted self-reduction of EAF dust-biochar …
This study applied microwave energy for rapid self-reduction of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust-biochar composite briquettes to produce powdered direct reduced iron (DRI), based on the good electromagnetic response of EAF dust-biochar composite briquettes. The reduction experimental results showed that the iron-bearing components in the dust were reduced to …
اقرأ أكثر
Mechanism of microwave-assisted iron-based catalyst …
It also shows that iron-based catalysts containing more Fe 0 will limit the precipitation efficiency of carbon during microwave pyrolysis, ... Novel insights into the reoxidation of direct reduced iron (DRI) during ball-mill treatment: a combined experimental and computational study.
اقرأ أكثر
Coal-based direct reduction of iron concentrate pellets by microwave …
In this paper, direct reduction of iron concentrate pellets in continuous shaft furnace by microwave heating is studied. Both Fe2O3 and fixed carbon in coal has a strong capacity to absorb ...
اقرأ أكثر
Reduction of iron ore with coal by microwave heating
The reduction of iron ore with coal by microwave heating produces a pure, dust-free, high-Btu flue gas that can be used in related thermal operations. Depending on the purity, the …
اقرأ أكثر