(PDF) Indigenous Gold Mining in Southern Africa: A …
The history of gold mining and gold trade in southern Africa goes back nearly 1000 years. Given the number of early gold mines and the records of lively trade on the east coast, the scale of ...
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Pre-colonial history of Southern Africa
Somewhat later, Sotho-Tswana people moved south into a large part of Gauteng and the Northwest Province. About 100 years earlier, the ancestors of Nguni-speaking people had moved from East Africa into the KwaZulu-Natal region. These Late Iron Age farmers left huge numbers of stonewalled settlements throughout South Africa.
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A history of mining in South Africa
Before the discovery, there were about 600 white farmers in the Witwatersrand region, which was considered well-populated at the time. Within a year of gold findings, the area had some 7 000 people with 3 000 living in Johannesburg. ... Mining in South Africa continues to transform the country to this day. Currently, the industry is mostly run ...
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(PDF) Indigenous co-ownership of mining projects: a …
Recent and powerful calls for greater Indigenous control of mining projects have drawn renewed attention to the question of Indigenous co-ownership and Indigenous equity participation.
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Miller, D. 2001. Indigenous iron production in southern Africa
The inception of metallurgy in southern Africa was characterised by small-scale production, as extrapolated from the modest amounts of metallurgical debris and metal artefacts (of both iron and ...
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Indigenous Gold Mining in Southern Africa: A Review
South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series 8: 91-99, 2000 93 Location of Early Gold Mines There are extensive Portuguese records from the late 15th century onwards of indigenous gold mining in south? ern Africa (Axelson 1960, 1969, 1973; Pikirayi 1993). In the documents studied and summarised by Axelson, there
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Five largest iron ore mines in South Africa in 2020
The Beeshoek Iron Ore Mine, owned by African Rainbow Minerals, is a surface mine located in Northern Cape. The mine produced an estimated 2.99 MTPA of iron ore in 2020. The mine will operate until 2027.
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Prehistoric mining in South Africa, and Iron Age …
and Vleifontein mines to the South African Iron Age, which is the technological tradition of the Black people in South Africa, whom Wagner would have identified as 'present day natives and their predecessors'. The present paper discusses the evidence for 'a really ancient tradition' and a 'more modern tradition' in South African prehistoric mining.
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(PDF) Pre-colonial mining in southern Africa
This paper summarizes indigenous mining methods used to collect metal ores in pre-colonial southern Africa, south of 15°S. These methods, for the purposes of discussion, are divided into sections ...
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Ores Sources, Smelters and Archaeometallurgy: …
Exploring Iron Age Metal Production in the Southern Waterberg, South Africa Foreman Bandama, Shadreck Chirikure & Simon Hall Abstract The Southern Waterberg in Limpopo Province is archaeo-logically rich, especially when it comes to evidence of pre-colonial mining and metal working. Geologically, the
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Minerals and Mining in South Africa 4
Merensky Reef in 1926, leading to South Africa now pro-ducing 78% of the world's platinum. Other world-class deposits of the modern era include iron from Sishen and manganese from Kuruman. Keywords Diamonds · Gold · Mining · Minerals · Platinum · South Africa 4.1 nI troduction The mineral wealth of South Africa has been exploited by
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(PDF) Pre-colonial mining in southern Africa
This paper reviews the historical, archaeological, and metallurgical evidence on Iron Age tin mining and tin smelt-ing in Southern Africa.
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Pre-colonial mining in southern Africa
This paper summarizes indigenous mining methods used to collect metal ores in pre-colonial southern Africa, south of 15�S. These methods, for the purposes of discussion, are divided into sections in order of increasing organizational complexity, from scavenging, which only required basic equipment and a relatively minimal division of labour, to underground mines, …
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Methods and tools of indigenous mining Flashcards
The earliest South African shaft is found at Lolwe Hill, Phalaborwa, where ancient miners looked for minerals. The site is now the location of a large open pit mine. The details of these ancient mines indicate miners made technology-based decisions.
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Prehistoric mining in South Africa, and Iron Age copper …
The paper discusses the claim that the remains of mines in Southern Africa date from ancient times, rather than from a more modern period. The evidence indicates that these mines were excavated by Iron Age Black people, who moved into South Africa from about A.D. 100 onwards. Details are given of the finds made in 1981 in an investigation of the remains of copper mines …
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Prehistoric mining in South Africa, and Iron Age copper …
Evers 7, Van del' Merwe, HaIls, and Mason related the Phalaborwa, Rooiberg, Harmony, and Vleifontein mines to the South African Iron Age, which is the technological tradition of the Black …
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2000 years of indigenous mining and metallurgy in …
Metallurgy, and mining metal ores, was first introduced to southern Africa about 2000 years ago by early farmers. During the first millennium AD iron and copper were exploited, with tin and gold being included by the beginning of the second millennium AD.
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RACIAL DISCRIMINATION: THE FAILURE TO RECOGNISE INDIGENOUS …
The article examines the possibility of creating an indigenous legal pluralism within the South African context. Due to the historical and current marginalisation of customary law, can customary ...
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Iron Mining In South Africa
Iron Mining In South Africa Overview 524 Total Mines; Table 9 Total Mines; Browse 524 mining USGS records in south africa. Most records highlight mining opportunities and activity in Gauteng, Kwazulu-Natal, and Limpopo. Quick Facts. 524 records of mining in south africa. 364 producers.
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[PDF] Pre-colonial mining in southern Africa
This paper summarizes indigenous mining methods used to collect metal ores in pre-colonial southern Africa, south of 15i?½S. These methods, for the purposes of discussion, are divided into sections in order of increasing organizational complexity, from scavenging, which only required basic equipment and a relatively minimal division of labour, to underground mines, which …
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Evidence of Iron Ore Mining in Southern Africa in the …
Guilhem Mauran Red Balloon rock shelter Middle Stone Age ochre assemblage and population's adaption to local resources in the Waterberg (Limpopo, South Africa), Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 15, no.6 6 (May 2023).
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2. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MINING AND MINERALS …
southern Africa is the Thulamela settlement in the Kruger National Park, extant from the late 14th to the 17th century. Specularite has been mined in Swaziland for 28,000 years (Saunders, 1994, in RT6 Granville). Most of the pre-colonial mining practised in South Africa dates from the Late Iron Age. The activity was largely confined to the
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The Impact of Mining on Indigenous African Communities
Advancing sustainable mining practices. The detrimental effects of mining on indigenous African populations are extensive, influencing economic stability, environmental integrity, and cultural identity. Enhanced sustainability in mining necessitates more stringent environmental rules, improved safeguarding of indigenous land rights.
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Smelter and Smith: Iron Age Metal Fabrication Technology in Southern Africa
Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 75 (1975), pp. 185-191. View in Scopus Google Scholar. 16. ... Miller, D. Indigenous iron production in southern Africa—archaeological observations and interpretation, Mediterranean Archaeology, 14. …
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(PDF) Early Metal Working in Sub-Saharan Africa: A
This paper is a review of the course of research during the past decade into the history of indigenous metal working in sub-Saharan Africa. It comprises three sections: a summary of the chronology ...
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SOUTHERN
South Africa. The indigenous peoples of South Africa are the three San peoples (!Xun, Khwe and ‡Khomani) and the Khoekhoe, including Nama and Griqua. There is also mobilisation by a revivalist movement of Khoe descended people reclaiming identities that were extinguished during the colonial and apartheid periods of South African history.
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The Later Prehistory of Southern Africa from the …
The archaeology of the later prehistory of southern Africa (Map 1.13.1) is synonymous with the Iron Age (Soper 1971; Phillipson 1977). This chronostratigraphic label is used to denote communities that made iron, lived …
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South Africa's Iron Ore Industry
South Africa has built the model economy within Sub-Saharan Africa by exploiting its abundant mineral and natural resources. After emerging from apartheid in the 1990s, the nation has the
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indigenous mining of iron in south africa before morden …
Coal mining processing plant in Nigeria. This coal mining project is an open pit mine located in Nigeria, announced by mining company - Western Goldfields - that it has discovered 62,400,000 tonnes of proven reserves of coal deposits worth US$1.2 billion which could be used for the generation of electric power...
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The Rich History of Indigenous Mining of Iron in South Africa
The indigenous people of South Africa were mining iron long before the arrival of Europeans. Archaeological evidence shows that iron ore was being mined in the region as early as 200 AD. The mining of iron was a vital part of the indigenous economy, and it played a significant role in shaping their culture and society.
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